The conflicts caused a halt in construction for almost 100 years. Shortly after, Pisa fought wars against Genoa, Lucca and Florence. As a result, the tower started to tilt toward the south.
By the time the builders finished the second of eight stories in 1178, the tower’s foundation had begun to settle unevenly. The ground beneath the tower was composed of clay, fine sand and shells from the Arno and Serchio rivers that frame the city of Pisa. Perhaps, the site itself may have been the root cause of the problem.
Problems arose shortly after construction began on the white marble bell tower.
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